Mokṣa Sannyāsa Yoga

18.22

first review verified; second review pendingKrishna

Sanskrit · Devanagari

यत्तु कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहैतुकम्। अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥

Sanskrit · IAST

yattu kṛtsnavadekasminkārye saktamahaitukam atattvārthavadalpaṃ ca tattāmasamudāhṛtam

English translation

Kashinath Trimbak Telang, 1882
which clings to one created (thing) only as everything which is devoid of reason devoid of real principle

This verse was aligned by machine and has completed first review (google/gemini-3.8-flash confidence: 58%); second review pending. Machine alignment confidence: 23%.

Interpretations

Compare translations and commentaries

All 30 available readings are aligned to this verse. Translations appear first, followed by commentaries; each keeps its author and source trail.

Translation · English

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

And that knowledge by which one is attached to one kind of work as the all in all, without knowledge of the truth, and which is very meager, is said to be in the mode of darkness.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 b8f68aa0a285…

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Translation · English

Abhinavagupta

18-20-22 Sarvabhutesu etc. upto samudahrtam. In the classified ones : i.e., [classified] as gods, human beings, etc. Considers as [really] different : i.e., with the thought 'Here on this depends my pleasure; here in that lies my displeasure'. Without reason : To take recourse to wrath, desire etc., slavishly under the influence of one's own addiction and also without examining the cause, in named as a thing born of the Tamas (Strand).

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 193cb841573a…

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Translation · English

Dr. S. S. Sankaranarayan

18.22. That [instrument-of-knowledge], because of which, one, not realising the whole, gets indulged, without reason, in a particular activity, and which is unconcerned with the real nature of things and is insignificant - that is declared to be of the Tamas (Strand).

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 7913eef1f1f3…

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Translation · English

Rāmānuja

18.22 But that knowledge which clings to a 'single type of act' as what ought to be done, viz., act in the form of the worship of ghosts or evil spirits yielding very small fruits, as if it yielded all fruits; that work 'not founded on any reason for having attachment,' because it is not a source of all fruits; 'untrue' because it is based on a false view of things such as seeing differentiation in the nature of the Atman; 'insignificant', because the worship of ghosts and evil spirits yields poor results - for such reasons knowledge of this kind is declared to be Tamasika. After having thus classified the threefold division of knowledge relating to work according to Gunas in respect of a person who is alified for work, Sri Krsna explains the triple division of the acts that ought to be done, according to Gunas.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 a8d27626994a…

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Translation · English

Śaṅkarācārya

18.22 But tat, that knowledge; is udahrtam, said to be; tamasam, born of tamas; yat, which is; saktam, confined; ekasmin, to one; karye, from, to one body or to an external image etc., krtsnavat, as though it were all, as though it comprehended everything, thinking, 'The Self, or God, is only this much; there is nothing beyond it,'-as the naked Jainas hold that the soul conforms to and has the size of the body, or (as others hold) that God is merely a stone or wood-, remaining confined thus to one form; ahaitukam, which is irrational, bereft of logic; a-tattvarthavat, not concerned with truth-tattvartha, truth, means some-thing just as it is; that (knowledge) which has this (truth) as its object of comprehension is tattvarthavat; that without this is ; a-tattvarthavat-; and which, on account of the very fact of its being irrational, is alpam, trivial, because it is concerned with trifles or is productive of little result. This kind of knowledge is indeed found in non-discriminating creatures in whom tamas predominates. Now is being stated the threehold division of action:

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 4bc1ce466b52…

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Translation · English

Shri Purohit Swami

18.22 But that which clings blindly to one idea as if it were all, without logic, truth or insight, that has its origin in Darkness.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 eb05072f5325…

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Translation · English

Sir Edwin Arnold

There is false Knowledge: that which blindly clings To one as if 'twere all, seeking no Cause, Deprived of light, narrow, and dull, and "dark."

First model review verified (google/gemini-3.8-flash confidence: 98%); second review pending. SHA-256 cfd7f82032ef…

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Translation · English

Swami Adidevananda

18.22 But that knowledge is declared to be Tamasika which clings to one single act as if it were the whole, which is not founded on reason, and which is untrue and insignificant.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 b4b644c697df…

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Translation · English

Swami Gambirananda

18.22 But that (knowledge) is said to be born of tamas which is confined to one form as though it were all, which is irrational, not concern with truth and triivial.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 5b26e98b09a5…

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Translation · English

Swami Sivananda

18.22 But that which clings to one single effect as if it were the whole, without reason, without foundation in Truth, and trivial that is declared to be Tamasic.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 1f1f37d4c1a9…

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Translation · Hindi

Śaṅkarācārya

।।18.22।।जो ज्ञान? किसी एक कार्यमें? शरीरमें या शरीरसे बाहर प्रतिमादिमें? सर्ववस्तुविषयक सम्पूर्ण ज्ञानकी भाँति आसक्त है? अर्थात् ( यह समझता है कि ) यह आत्मा या ईश्वर इतना ही है इससे परे और कुछ भी नहीं है? जैसे दिगम्बर जैनियोंका ( माना हुआ ) आत्मा शरीरमें रहनेवाला और शरीरके बराबर है और पत्थर या काष्ठ ( की प्रतिमा ) मात्र ही ईश्वर है? इसी प्रकार जो ज्ञान किसी एक कार्यमें ही आसक्त है। तता जो हेतुरहित -- युक्तिरहित और तत्त्वार्थसे भी रहित है। यथार्थ अर्थका नाम तत्त्वार्थ है? ऐसा तत्त्वार्थ जिस ज्ञानका ज्ञेय हो? वह ज्ञान तत्त्वार्थयुक्त होता है और जो तत्त्वार्थयुक्त न हो वह अतत्त्वार्थवत् अर्थात् तत्त्वार्थसे रहित होता है। एवं जो हेतुरहित होनेके कारण ही अल्प है अथवा अल्पविषयक होनेसे या अल्प फलवाला होनेसे अल्प है? वह ज्ञान तामस कहा गया है क्योंकि अविवेकी तामसी प्राणियोंमें ही ऐसा ज्ञान देखा जाता है।।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 6c8d8ac0aa97…

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Translation · Hindi

Swami Ramsukhdas

।।18.22।।किंतु जो (ज्ञान) एक कार्यरूप शरीरमें ही सम्पूर्णके तरह आसक्त है तथा जो युक्तिरहित, वास्तविक ज्ञानसे रहित और तुच्छ है, वह तामस कहा गया है।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 3235f298fbb2…

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Translation · Hindi

Swami Tejomayananda

।।18.22।। और जिस ज्ञान के द्वारा मनुष्य एक कार्य (शरीर) में ही आसक्त हो जाता है, मानो वह (कार्य ही) पूर्ण वस्तु हो तथा जो (ज्ञान) हेतुरहित (अयुक्तिक), तत्त्वार्थ से रहित तथा संकुचित (अल्प) है, वह (ज्ञान) तामस है।।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 33a820264666…

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Commentary · English

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

The “knowledge” of the common man is always in the mode of darkness or ignorance because every living entity in conditional life is born into the mode of ignorance. One who does not develop knowledge through the authorities or scriptural injunctions has knowledge that is limited to the body. He is not concerned about acting in terms of the directions of scripture. For him God is money, and knowledge means the satisfaction of bodily demands. Such knowledge has no connection with the Absolute Truth. It is more or less like the knowledge of the ordinary animals: the knowledge of eating, sleeping, defending and mating. Such knowledge is described here as the product of the mode of darkness. In other words, knowledge concerning the spirit soul beyond this body is called knowledge in the mode of goodness, knowledge producing many theories and doctrines by dint of mundane logic and mental speculation is the product of the mode of passion, and knowledge concerned only with keeping the body comfortable is said to be in the mode of ignorance.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 415364f4ace0…

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Commentary · English

Swami Sivananda

18.22 यत् which? तु but? कृत्स्नवत् as if it were the whole? एकस्मिन् one single? कार्ये to effect? सक्तम् attached? अहैतुकम् without reason? अतत्त्वार्थवत् without foundation in Truth? अल्पम् trivial? च and? तत् that?,तामसम् Tamasic (dark)? उदाहृतम् is declared.Commentary The knowledge which regards that each and every object or being exists by itself and is perfect by itself? is Tamasic.One single effect Such as the body? thinking it to be the Self? or an idol? taking it for God? and thinking that there is nothing higher than that.The naked Jains consider that the soul which dwells in the body is of the same size as that of the body. Some regard that Isvara is a mere piece of stone or wood. Such knowledge is really not based on reason. It does not see things in their true light. It is narrow (Alpam) as it is not founded on reason. It produces very small results too. It extends over a limited area and is not allcomprehensive. This knowledge is said to be Tamasic? as it is found in Tamasic persons who are devoid of the power of discrimination.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 f4328d49f754…

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Commentary · Hindi

Swami Chinmayananda

।।18.22।। तमोगुण के आधिक्य से अभिभूत बुद्धि किसी एक परिच्छिन्न कार्य में इस प्रकार आसक्त होती है मानो वह कार्य ही सम्पूर्ण सत्य हो। वह कभी कारण का विचार ही नहीं करती। तामसिक लोगों का यह ज्ञान अत्यन्त निम्नस्तरीय है। प्राय ऐसे लोग कट्टरवादी तथा अपने धर्म? भक्ति? जीवन के दृष्टिकोण और मूल्यों के विषय में अत्यन्त हठवादी होते हैं। वे जगत् का तथा अन्य घटनाओं के कारण का कभी अन्वेषण नहीं करते हैं। श्री शंकराचार्य कहते हैं कि इनका ज्ञान निर्युक्तिक होता है अर्थात् किसी प्रामाणिक युक्ति पर आश्रित नहीं होता।ऐसी भ्रमित कट्टरवादी और पूर्वाग्रहों से युक्त बुद्धि के द्वारा अवलोकन करते हुए तामसी लोग जगत् को कभी यथार्थ रूप में नहीं देख पाते। इतना ही नहीं? वरन् वे अपनी कल्पनाओं को जगत् पर थोपकर उसे सर्वथा विपरीत रूप में भी देखते हैं। वास्तव में? तमोगुणी लोग जगत् को मात्र अपने भोग का विषय ही मानते हैं। वे विश्व के अधिष्ठान परमात्मा की सर्वथा उपेक्षा करते हैं। मान और दम्भ के कारण उनका ज्ञान संकुचित होता है।सारांशत? द्वैतप्रपंच को देखते हुए उसके अद्वैत स्वरूप को पहचानना सात्त्विक ज्ञान है नामरूपमय सृष्टि के भेदों को ही देखना और उन्हें सत्य मानना राजस ज्ञान है और अपूर्ण को ही पूर्ण मानना तामस ज्ञान है।हमें इसका विस्मरण नहीं होना चाहिए कि पूर्वोक्त तथा आगे भी कथनीय त्रिविध वर्गीकरण का प्रयोजन अन्य लोगों के विश्लेषण के लिए न होकर? आत्मनिरीक्षण के लिए हैं। साधक को समयसमय पर स्वयं का मूल्यांकन करते रहना चाहिए।अब? कर्म की त्रिविधता का वर्णन करते हैं

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 2b833bb3cbf6…

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Commentary · Hindi

Swami Ramsukhdas

।।18.22।। व्याख्या -- यत्तु (टिप्पणी प0 904.2) कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तम् -- तामस मनुष्य एक ही शरीरमें सम्पूर्णकी तरह आसक्त रहता है अर्थात् उत्पन्न और नष्ट होनेवाले इस पाञ्चभौतिक शरीरको ही अपना स्वरूप मानता है। वह मानता है कि मैं ही छोटा बच्चा था? मैं ही जवान हूँ और मैं ही बूढ़ा हो जाऊँगा मैं भोगी? बलवान् और सुखी हूँ मैं धनी और बड़े कुटुम्बवाला हूँ मेरे समान दूसरा कौन है इत्यादि। ऐसी मान्यता मूढ़ताके कारण ही होती है -- इत्यज्ञानविमोहिताः (16। 15)।अहैतुकम् -- तामस मनुष्यकी मान्यता युक्ति और शास्त्रप्रमाणसे विरुद्ध होती है। यह शरीर हरदम बदल रहा है? शरीरादि वस्तुमात्र अभावमें परिवर्तित हो रही है? दृश्यमात्र अदृश्य हो रहा है और इनमें तू सदा ज्योंकात्यों रहता है अतः यह शरीर और तू एक कैसे हो सकते हैं -- इस प्रकारकी युक्तियोंको वह स्वीकार नहीं करता।अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च -- यह शरीर और मैं दोनों अलगअलग हैं -- इस वास्तविक ज्ञान(विवेक) से वह रहित है। उसकी समझ अत्यन्त तुच्छ है अर्थात् तुच्छताकी प्राप्ति करानेवाली है। इसलिये इसको ज्ञान कहनेमें भगवान्को संकोच हुआ है। कारण कि तामस पुरुषमें मूढ़ताकी प्रधानता होती है। मूढ़ता और ज्ञानका आपसमें विरोध है. अतः भगवान्ने ज्ञान पद न देकर यत् और तत् पदसे ही काम चलाया है।तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् -- युक्तिरहित? अल्प और अत्यन्त तुच्छ समझको ही महत्त्व देना तामस कहा गया है।जब तामस समझ ज्ञान है ही नहीं और भगवान्को भी इसको ज्ञान कहनेमें संकोच हुआ है? तो फिर इसका वर्णन ही क्यों किया गया कारण कि भगवान्ने उन्नीसवें श्लोकमें ज्ञानके त्रिविध भेद कहनेका उपक्रम किया है? इसलिये सात्त्विक और राजसज्ञानका वर्णन करनेके बाद तामस समझको भी कहनेकी आवश्यकता थी। सम्बन्ध -- अब भगवान् सात्त्विक कर्मका वर्णन करते हैं।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 9666a37c7a88…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Abhinavagupta

।।18.20 -- 18.22।।तत्र ( S adds शरीरे after तत्र ) सर्वभूतेषु इत्यादिना श्लोकत्रयेण ( श्लो.2022 ) ज्ञानकरणस्य त्रैरूप्यमुक्तम्। अत एव येन इति तृतीया। इयता च ज्ञानकरणसामान्यस्य ( ? N record an alternative reading सामर्थ्यस्य for सामान्यस्य by saying सामर्थ्यस्येत्यन्यादर्शे ) स्वरूपमुक्तम्। नियतम् इत्यादिना श्लोकत्रयेण ( श्लो. 2325 ) कर्मणो ज्ञेयकार्यरूपस्य द्वैविध्यम् मुक्तसंगः इत्यादिना श्लोकत्रयेण ( श्लो. 2628 ) तु कर्तुर्द्विरूपस्य संक्षेपेण स्वरूपम् करणविशेषस्य स्वरूपभेदप्रतिपादनार्थ [ प्रवृत्तिम् इत्यादिना श्लोकत्रयेण ( 3032 ) ] बुद्धेस्त्रैविध्यं निरूपितम् ( S -- विध्यमुपलक्षितम् )। तद्द्वारेण करणान्तराणामपि त्रैविध्यमुपलक्षितम्। करणस्य तु इतिकर्तव्यतापेक्षित्वात् इतिकर्तव्यतायाश्च धृत्यादिपञ्चकरूपत्वेऽपि? श्रद्धायाः पूर्वमुक्तत्वात्? विविदिषाविविदिषयोश्च धृतिसुखाभ्यामाक्षेपात् तयोस्त्रैविध्यम् धृत्या यया इत्यनेन [ श्लोकत्रयेण ( 3335 ) ] सुखं त्विदानीम् इत्यनेन [ श्लोकत्रयेण ( 3639 ) ] चोक्तम्। तदाह -- सर्वभूतेषु इत्यादि समुदाहृतमित्यन्तम्। विभक्ततेषु? देवमनुष्यादितया। पृथक्त्वेन? इह मे प्रीतिः इह मे द्वेषः इत्यादिबुद्ध्या। अहेतुकम्? कारणमविचार्यैव अभिनिवेशावेशवशात् क्रोधरागादिग्रहणं यत् तत्तामसंज्ञम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 33bcfcd6b0df…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Ānandagiri

।।18.22।।सक्तत्वमेव व्यनक्ति -- एतावानिति। एकस्मिन्कार्ये ज्ञानस्य सक्तत्वमेव दृष्टान्तेन साधयति -- यथेत्यादिना। यन्निर्युक्तिकत्वं तदेव ज्ञानस्याभासत्वे कारणमित्याह -- अहैतुकत्वादिति। स्वरूपतो विषयतश्चाभासत्वं फलतो वेत्याह -- अल्पेमिति। तामसं ज्ञानमुक्तलक्षणमित्यत्रानुभवं प्रमाणयति -- तामसानां हीति।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 bbb24d8f2e11…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Dhanapati

।।18.22।।राजसं ज्ञानमुदाहृत्य तामसं तदाह -- यत्त्विति। तुशब्दो राजसाद्वैलक्षण्यद्योतानार्थः। यत्तु ज्ञानमेकस्मिन्कार्ये देहे बहिर्वा प्रतिमादौ कृत्स्त्रवत्समस्तवत्परिपूर्णवत् एतावानेवात्मा ईश्वरो नातः परमस्तीति यथा चार्वाकादीनां शरीरानुर्तिदेहतपरिमाणो जीव ईश्वरो वा पाषाणदार्वादिमात्र इत्येवमभिनिवेशयुक्तं यतोऽहेतुकमुपपत्तिशून्यमहेतुकत्वादतत्त्वादतत्त्वार्थवत् यथाभूतोऽर्थस्तत्त्वार्थः सोऽस्य ज्ञेयभूतोऽस्तीति तत्त्वार्थवत् न तत्त्वार्थवदतत्त्वार्थवत्। तत एवाल्पं चाल्पविषयत्वादल्पफलत्वाद्वा तत्तामसानां प्राणिनां अविवेकिनां परिदृश्यमानमीदृशं ज्ञां हेयं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 4ed4f5692049…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Jayatīrtha

।।18.22।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka.

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 e3af96eefb5a…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

।।18.22।।यत्त्विति। तुशब्दो राजसाद्भिनत्ति बहुषु भूतकार्येषु विद्यमाने एकस्मिन्कार्ये विकारे भूतदेहे प्रतिमादौ वा अहैतुकं हेतुरुपपत्तिस्तद्रहितमन्येषां भूतकार्याणामात्मत्वाभावे कथमेकस्य तादृशस्यात्मत्वमित्यनुसंधानशून्यं कृत्स्नवत्परिपूर्णवत्सक्तं एतावानेवात्मा ईश्वरो वा नातः परमस्तीत्यभिनिवेशेन लग्नं यथा दिगम्बराणां सावयवो देहपरिमाण आत्मेति? यथा चार्वाकाणां देह एवात्मेति एवं पाषाणदार्वादिमात्र ईश्वर इत्येकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहेतुकत्वादेवातत्त्वार्थवन्न तत्त्वार्थालम्बनं अल्पंच नित्यत्वविभुत्वाग्रहात् ईदृशं नित्यविभुदेहातिरिक्तात्मतद्व्यतिरिक्तेश्वरग्राहितार्किकज्ञानविलक्षणमनित्यपरिच्छिन्नदेहाद्यात्माभिमानरूपं चार्वाकादीनां यज्ज्ञानं तत्तामसमुदाहृतं तामसानां प्राकृतजनानामीदृशज्ञानदर्शिभिः।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 3fc15947daed…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Madhvācārya

।।18.22।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka. ,

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 4b8e94cc7934…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Nīlakaṇṭha

।।18.22। यत्तु ज्ञानमेकस्मिन्कार्ये देहे प्रतिमादौ वा कृत्स्नवत्परीपूर्णवदेतावानेवात्मा ईश्वरो वेति सक्तमभिनिवेशयुक्तम्। अहैतुकं निरुपपत्तिकम्। अतत्त्वार्थवत् परमार्थावलम्बनशून्यम्। अल्पं तुच्छविषयत्वादल्पफलत्वाच्च। यदेवंभूतं ज्ञानं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 eb9f14370b1a…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Puruṣottamajī

।।18.22।।तामसं ज्ञानमाह -- यत्त्विति। यत् एकस्मिन् कार्ये भक्ते लीलास्वरूपे वा कृत्स्नवत् पूर्णवत्? न तु सर्वलीलासामग्र्यादिविशिष्टार्विभूतभगवदनुभवानन्दभगवद्रूपत्वेन सक्तम्? असक्तम्? अहैतुकं भगवदाकारत्वेन,तत्स्मारकानन्दानुभवोपपत्तिरहितम्? अतत्त्वार्थवत् भगवदाविर्भाववियुक्तम्? अल्पं परिच्छिन्नं स्वरूपतः फलतश्च तज्ज्ञानं तामसं निष्फलं विपरीतफलं वा उदाहृतम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 6e50cc04f017…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Rāmānuja

।।18.22।।यत् तु ज्ञानम् एकस्मिन् कार्ये एकस्मिन् कर्तव्ये कर्मणि प्रेतभूतगणाद्याराधनरूपे अत्यल्पफले कृत्स्नफलवत् सक्तम् अहेतुकं वस्तुतः तु अकृत्स्नफलवत्तया तथाविधसङ्गहेतुरहितम् अतत्त्वार्थवत् पूर्ववद् एव आत्मनि पृथक्त्वादियुक्ततया मिथ्याभूतार्थ विषयम्? अत्यल्पफलं च प्रेतभूताद्याराधनरूपविषयत्वाद् अल्पं च? तद् ज्ञानं तामसम् उदाहृतम्।एवं कर्तव्यकर्मविषयज्ञानस्य अधिकारवेलायाम् अधिकार्यं शेन गुणतः त्रैविध्यम् उक्त्वा अनुष्ठेयस्य कर्मणो गुणतः त्रैविध्यम् आह --

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 41d477ba5e80…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Śaṅkarācārya

।।18.22।। --,यत् (तु गी0 में) ज्ञानं कृत्स्नवत् समस्तवत् सर्वविषयमिव एकस्मिन् कार्ये देहे बहिर्वा प्रतिमादौ सक्तम् एतावानेव आत्मा ईश्वरो वा? न अतः परम् अस्ति इति? यथा नग्नक्षपणकादीनां शरीरान्तर्वर्ती देहपरिमाणो जीवः? ईश्वरो वा पाषाणदार्वादिमात्रम्? इत्येवम् एकस्मिन् कार्ये सक्तम्? अहैतुकं हेतुवर्जितं निर्युक्तिकम्? अतत्त्वार्थवत् अयथाभूतार्थवत्? यथाभूतः अर्थः तत्त्वार्थः? सः अस्य ज्ञेयभूतः अस्तीति तत्त्वार्थवत्? न तत्त्वार्थवत् अतत्त्वार्थवत् अहैतुकत्वादेव अल्पं च? अल्पविषयत्वात् अल्पफलत्वाद्वा। तत् तामसम् उदाहृतम्। तामसानां हि प्राणिनाम् अविवेकिनाम् ईदृशं ज्ञानं दृश्यते।।अथ इदानीं कर्मणः त्रैविध्यम् उच्यते --,

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 e75d0ca300f7…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Śrīdhara Svāmin

।।18.22।।तामसं ज्ञानमाह -- यत्त्विति। एकस्मिन्कार्ये देहे प्रतिमादौ वा कृत्स्नवत्परिपूर्णवत्सक्तमेतावानेवात्मा ईश्वरो वेत्यभिनिवेशयुक्तम्? अहैतुकं निरुपपत्तिकम्? अतत्त्वार्थवत्परमार्थावलम्बनशून्यम्? अतएवाल्पं तुच्छम् अल्पविषयत्वादल्पफलत्वाच्च। यदेवंभूतं ज्ञानं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 6334fd2860b6…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Vallabhācārya

।।18.22।।यत्त्विति। एकस्मिन्कार्ये कर्त्तव्ये कर्मणि प्रेतभूतगणाद्याराधनरूपेऽत्यल्पफले निषप्रयोजनं कृत्स्नफलवत्सक्तं तत्तामसम्।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 9c9b06ce8558…

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Vedānta Deśika Veṅkaṭanātha

।।18.22।।कार्यशब्दोऽत्र नोत्पत्तिमात्रपरः? स्वकर्तव्यविषयत्वात् एकशब्दश्च सङ्गानर्हत्वाय फलद्वारा परिमितपरः तस्यापि हेतुः प्रागुक्तपरिमितशक्तीनामाराधनत्वमित्यभिप्रायेणाऽऽहएकस्मिन् कर्तव्ये कर्मणि प्रेतभूतगणाद्याराधनरूपेऽत्यल्पफल इति। कर्मस्वरूपकार्यमात्रस्यापि सङ्गयोग्यत्वाभावः तत्रापि फलविवक्षायामाहकृत्स्नफलवदिति कृत्स्नफलहेतुभूतकर्मणीवेत्यर्थः। कार्यभूतस्य ज्ञानस्य सङ्गस्य वा कारणमात्रनिषेधायोगात् प्रेक्षावत्सङ्गहेतुरिह प्रतिषिध्यत इत्याहवस्तुत इति।अहैतुकम् इति पाठेऽपि हैतुकादन्यत्वविवक्षयाऽयमेवार्थो ग्राह्यः।पूर्ववदेवेति? राजसवदित्यर्थः।एकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहेतुकम् इत्यनेनैवाल्पफलत्वसिद्धेः खद्योतप्रकाशवत्स्वरूपत एवाल्पत्वं स्वारसिकमल्पशब्देन विवक्षितमित्यपुनरुक्तिरित्यभिप्रायेणअत्यल्पफलं च प्रेतभूताद्याराधनरूपविषयत्वादल्पं चेत्युक्तम्।सत्त्वात्सञ्जायते ज्ञानम् [14।17] इति पूर्वोक्तं तु राजसतामसज्ञानयोरज्ञानत्वविवक्षया। उक्तं हिएतज्ज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोऽन्यथा [13।11] इति।

Machine-validated alignment; human review pending. SHA-256 79385f997d0b…

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Canonical ID
gita.18.22
Corpus version
gita-1.0.0-rc.1
Text review
machine-cross-checked; first review verified, second pass pending
Devanagari and IAST digital witness
vedic-scriptures · BG18.22
English translation witness
telang-1882 · Chapter 18; aligned against BG18.22
SHA-256
2cf2bbc53899f79004f801b1f3d58df5ece5ce1019fea446746671244ce46ed5